The low-pressure phase diagrams of water (H2O, left) and carbon dioxide
1. Start with the ices at 'A'. Keeping the pressure constant, warm them
until they1
reach their solid-liquid transitions. At this point the ices melt. Further
heating initially1
results in warmer liquids ('B'). If you warm the liquids enough, they reach
their1
liquid-gas transitions and evaporate. Further heating results in warmer
gases ('C').
2. Start with the ices at 'D'. Raising their temperature does not cause
them to run into1
their solid-liquid transitions, but rather into their solid-gas transitions.
The ices1
evaporate directly into the gas phase in a process called sublimation.
Further1
heating warms the resulting gases ('E' and 'F').
3. Start with gases at 'E'. Holding their temperature constant, squeeze
them until they1
reach their solid-gas transitions. At this point the gases condense directly
into solids1
('A'). For CO2 and most other materials, more pressure will
not produce any additional
changes ('G' on right diagram). For H2O, however, additional
pressure pushes the
solid to the solid-liquid transition, where it melts ('G' on left diagram).
4. Start with gases at 'F'. Squeezing them pushes them to their solid-liquid
transitions,1
where they condense directly into liquids ('B'). For CO2 and
most other materials,
further squeezing pushes the material to the solid-liquid transition, where
it solidifies1
('H'). For H2O, squeezing the liquid doesn't do anything (until
reaching extremely
high pressures off the top of the diagram).